Italian law states that shops and stores which sell unpacked food must provide labels with ingredients. Those who don’t are liable to sanction.

Regulations are less restrictive for bakeries and pastry stores: instead of having a single label for each product, they can simply show a single list of all ingredients used in their whole production – which obviously does not mean all listed ingredients are part of every single product.

For example, if lard does not appear in the single list, you can be sure the shop does not use it. If lard is on the list, you should ask the shop owner which products contain it.